Asian Journal of Medicine and Health

Transforming Vulnerability into Strength: An Integrative Review of Preventive and Innovative Approaches to Mental Health among College Students

Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Mental health has been unprecedented concern among university globally with an increase number of students experiencing psychological problems impacting academic and personal performance. The transition to university life is often accompanied by increased level of stress due to academic pressure, social adjustment and expectation from the parents. In the Philippines, it ranks 3^rdin terms of disability, one barrier is due to lack of seeking psychological help. The lack of timely and appropriate care can lead to poor health management or in healthy coping mechanism. In response to these issues higher education institution explored preventive and innovative approaches to enhance mental health care. The need to prioritize mental health support and foster environment where students feel empowered to seek help. Addressing barriers reduce the stigma and fear which the college student experience.

Purpose: This aims to synthesize and analyze studies of diverse range of findings that intricate the mental health concern. The strong emphasis on students wellbeing provide opportunity to examine preventive approach that create positive environment for the students. Through synthesis of existing literature, it seek to identify patterns, trends and research gaps in the landscape of student well-being.

Methods: This study employs Integrative literature review that encompass comprehensive studies from different literature encompassing various methodologies, perspectives and findings. By integrating both qualitative and quantitative research, it helps to analyze multifaceted factors that influence students mental health in higher education environment. The integrated literature review may contribute to the development of proposed definitions of concepts, evidence and understanding of the theories overview and methodological implications to certain topics.

Result: Eleven studies were conducted in the different continent such as 2two in United States of America, seven in Asia and Two in Europe. A total of Three major theme was formulated in the study; (1) Social Support Initiatives (2) Early Intervention Approach (3) Sustainability pathways which are core aspect in transforming students crisis into strength and purpose to overcome mental health issues.

Conclusion: The integrative literature review highlights the importance preventive and innovative approach to mental health among college students. The findings address the barriers in seeking mental health services and ensure students well-being through different approach that reduce stigma through education. It also shape critical roles to ensure mental health support is both effective and inclusive with in the campus.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating accurate and early detection strategies. Conventional imaging and pathological assessment are limited by interobserver variability, reduced sensitivity in dense breast tissue, and increasing workload pressures. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as potential tools to enhance diagnostic performance and clinical decision-making.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning models in breast cancer detection across imaging modalities and clinical settings.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2014 and May 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Original studies assessing AI/ML-based diagnostic models and reporting performance metrics were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Due to substantial methodological heterogeneity, results were synthesized descriptively.

Results: Of 1,892 identified records, 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Most evaluated imaging-based models using mammography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, thermography, or digital histopathology. Deep learning approaches, particularly convolutional neural networks, predominated. Reported AUC values ranged from 84 to 99%, with sensitivity and specificity frequently exceeding 85% in retrospective cohorts. Large screening studies demonstrated that AI-assisted mammography was non-inferior to double reading while reducing radiologist workload. However, most studies relied on retrospective datasets with limited external validation.

Conclusion: Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning models show high diagnostic potential across breast imaging modalities and may enhance screening efficiency and diagnostic support. Nevertheless, the predominance of retrospective designs and limited prospective multicentre validation restricts assessment of real-world generalizability. Rigorous external validation, standardized reporting, and implementation-focused research are essential before widespread clinical integration.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers (Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and Catalase) as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Review

Ogonnaya, Chinemerem Cynthia — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Oxidative stress drives cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and vascular inflammation. Malondialdehyde, a stable lipid peroxidation end-product, serves as a widely used marker of oxidative damage, while superoxide dismutase and catalase represent key enzymatic antioxidants that neutralize reactive oxygen species-mediated injury. Evidence consistently shows that elevated MDA levels correlate with cardiovascular disease severity and adverse outcomes, whereas reduced SOD and catalase activities reflect compromised antioxidant defense in patients with coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. MDA demonstrates independent predictive value beyond conventional risk models — principally the Framingham Risk Score — with AUC values reaching 0.94 for severe coronary artery disease and hazard ratios of 2.0 – 3.3 for cardiovascular mortality. Composite indices such as the MDA/SOD ratio and Oxidative Stress Index consistently outperform individual markers and provide incremental reclassification benefit, particularly among intermediate-risk individuals. However, clinical translation remains limited by the predominant use of the non-specific TBARS assay over the more accurate HPLC method, absence of standardized reference ranges, insufficient ethnic diversity in the evidence base, and lack of guideline incorporation. Assay standardization, large-scale prospective validation across diverse populations, and development of point-of-care platforms represent the critical priorities for advancing these biomarkers toward routine cardiovascular risk assessment.

Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption among Adolescents Living with HIV in Yirol West County, South Sudan

Akech Awan Adit, Ramzy Muorwel Matueny — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Adolescents living with HIV have poorer retention in care and higher rates of interruption in treatment than children and adults, especially in fragile settings. Evidence from South Sudan remains limited. This study examined determinants of antiretroviral therapy interruption among adolescents living with HIV in Yirol West County, South Sudan.

Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from February to March 2026 among 299 adolescents aged 10–19 years receiving antiretroviral therapy at six health facilities in Yirol West County. ART interruption was defined as missing ART for more than 28 consecutive days in the previous 12 months, based on self-report and verified with routine clinical or pharmacy records where available. Data was collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and routine clinical records. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and treatment patterns. Bivariate associations were examined using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Variables meeting the study inclusion criterion at bivariate level were entered into multivariable regression analysis to identify independent predictors of ART interruption. Statistical significance was considered at p < .05

Results: The prevalence of ART interruption in the previous 12 months was 57.5%, and 50.2% of participants reported missing medication for 28 days or more. Although knowledge about ART was almost universal, interruption remained common. Significant individual-level factors included feeling ashamed, shame related to HIV status, fear of being seen collecting ART, and non-disclosure of HIV status. Family-level factors included caregiver reminders and the availability of someone at home to talk to when facing problems; household emotional support remained statistically significant in multivariable analysis. Community-level factors included stigma or discrimination, fear of disclosure, peer support, and participation in cattle camp movement. Health-system factors included distance to the ART facility, appointment clashes with school or other activities, and prolonged medication gaps.

Conclusion: ART interruption among adolescents in Yirol West County was common and associated with interconnected psychosocial, interpersonal, community, and structural factors. Despite widespread treatment knowledge, interruption persisted, suggesting that education alone is insufficient when adolescents face stigma, limited household support, mobility, and difficult access to care. Adolescent HIV programs in Yirol West County and similar fragile settings should strengthen caregiver engagement, stigma reduction, psychosocial support, and flexible service delivery approaches that respond to distance and mobility barriers.

The Relationship between Anxiety Levels in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women and Childbirth Method Planning in Denpasar, Bali

Ni Luh Yunita Damayanti, Ni Wayan Ariyani, Gusti Ayu Eka Utarini — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Problems related to childbirth included the increasing rate of caesarean section (SC) procedures, which were often triggered by anxiety about the normal delivery process. Anxiety also influenced decision-making, including the planning of the method of delivery.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women and birth planning at Denpasar, Bali

Study Design: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at South Denpasar IV Community Health Center from March 6 to April 10, 2026.

Methodology: The study population included all third-trimester pregnant women who visited South Denpasar IV Community Health Center. A total of 51 pregnant women were selected using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data were collected using the validated PRAQ-R2 questionnaire. The inclusion criteria included third-trimester pregnant women with a gestational age of 27–40 weeks, while the exclusion criteria included women who were unable to read and write. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test with the assistance of SPSS.

Results: Univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents were aged 20–35 years (94.1%), had a higher level of education (56.9%), worked as civil servants (29.4%), were predominantly primiparous (60.8%), and had no history of pregnancy complications (94.1%). The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between the anxiety levels of third-trimester pregnant women and the planning of the delivery method (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: In conclusion, higher anxiety levels in third-trimester pregnant women are significantly associated with the preference for cesarean section delivery. Providing education through antenatal classes is recommended to reduce anxiety and support informed decision-making regarding delivery methods.

Antioxidant and Haemato-Biochemical Enhancing Properties of Daucus carota in Male Wistar Rats Toxicated with Lead Chloride

A. E. Fente, A. Wadioni, M. E. Bunu, V. O. Hart — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Daucus carota L., is a highly nutritious and bioactive root vegetable that is prominent worldwide. A crop with a broad range of phenotypic diversity is carrots, which can vary in size, shape, color, and other characteristics. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of Daucus carota extract and Vitamin C on the oxidative stress markers, lipid profile and haematological parameters of male Wistar rats induced with lead toxicity.

Methodology: Forty (40) albino Wistar rats weighing between 150-180g were purchased from the animal house of the Department of Pharmacology, and were housed under standard conditions at the animal house of the Department of Human Physiology. The animals were divided into eight groups, five (5) rats per group. Daucus carota L., Vitamin C and Lead Chloride were used. The ethanol extract of Daucus carota L. was obtained using soxhlet method. The control group received 1 milliliter of distilled water and fed. The second group administered 100 mg/kg B.W Daucus carota extract; the third group administered 200 mg/kg B.W. CE; the fourth group administered 500 mg/kg B.W Pbcl₂; the fifth group administered 500 mg/kg B.W Pbcl₂ + 100 mg/kg B.W. CE; the sixth group administered 500 mg/kg B.W. Pbcl₂ + 200 mg/kg B.W CE; the seventh group administered 500 mg/kg of B.W. Vitamin C, and the eighth group administered 500 mg/kg of Vitamin C. The administration lasted for four weeks.

Results: The introduction of Daucus carota extract caused an increase in antioxidant levels, similar to that recorded in rats supplemented with Vitamin C (P<0.05). Moreover, the experiment showed a notable decline in lipid profile levels, except for HDL (high-density lipoprotein), which increased significantly in the rats treated with Daucus carota extract. Concerning the haematological profile, there is a rise in the RBC (Red Blood Cell) level due to the introduction of Daucus carota extract. In addition, the ingestion of Daucus carota causes an increase in GSH (Reduced Glutathione) and catalase levels (P<0.05). The overall conclusions drawn from this experiment show the numerous advantages of introducing Daucus carota in one’s diet.

Conclusion: Daucus carota extracts led to an increase in GSH and Catalase levels after exposure to the PbCl₂ toxicant. Additionally, the study found that the extract of Daucus carota significantly reduced the lipid profile parameters in rats treated with PbCl₂, except for HDL, which showed a notable rise. Administering Daucus carota extract resulted in a significant rise in RBC (Red Blood Cell) and HB (Haemoglobin) levels, while it caused a significant drop in WBC (White Blood Cell) levels in the PbCl₂-treated rat groups.

Morphometric Analysis of the Sphenoid Sinus in Sex Determination, Pneumatization Patterns, and Variant Neurovascular Relations among Nigerian Citizens in Port Harcourt

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The sphenoid sinus, a highly variable and anatomically protected paranasal sinus, has important clinical and forensic applications due to its morphological variations and demonstrated sexual dimorphism, yet limited morphometric data exist for the Port Harcourt population.

This study examined the morphometric characteristics of the sphenoid sinus amongst Nigerians living in Port Harcourt using computed tomography (CT) imaging, focusing on gender and age-related variations.

A total of 200 retrospective CT scans of adults aged 18 - 70 years (100 males and 100 females) were reviewed. Participants were grouped into four age ranges: 18-25, 26-40, 41-55, and 56-70 years. Measurements of sinus height, width, depth, and volume were obtained using standard radiological software. Pneumatization patterns and neurovascular relations were also evaluated. Continuous variables that followed a normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while non-normally distributed data were summarized as median and interquartile range. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Independent t-tests were used to assess gender differences, one-way ANOVA to determine age-related variations, and chi-square tests for associations between categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

The values of height, width, depth, and volume in males were 24.6 ± 3.8 mm, 23.9 ± 4.1 mm, 18.0 mm, and 10.2 ± 3.4 cm³, respectively, while in females, 22.1 ± 3.4 mm, 22.1 ± 3.7 mm, 16.0 mm, and 8.6 ± 2.1 cm³, respectively.

These results showed that males exhibited significantly larger sphenoidal sinus dimensions and volumes compared to females. It also showed significant variations in sinus volume and depth across age groups, peaking in the 41-55 age group before slightly decreasing in the oldest group.

The sellar pneumatization type was the most common (54%), followed by postsellar (22%), presellar (18%), and conchal (6%). Internal carotid artery protrusion was seen in 14% of subjects, while optic nerve protrusion occurred in 9%, and both protrusions were more common in males. These findings highlight that sphenoid sinus morphology varies significantly with gender and age among Nigerians. The study emphasizes the clinical importance of preoperative CT evaluation to prevent neurovascular injury and provides reference data valuable to radiologists, surgeons, and forensic anatomists.