Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Nutritional and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Prevalence among Apparently Healthy Adults in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria
J. O. Akande
Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
A. A. Adeomi
Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
E. O. Oke *
Department of Chemical Pathology, Uniosun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
R. O. Akande
Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
O. J. Idowu
Department of Chemical Pathology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
O. O. Oni
Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The study assessed the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adults in rural settlements.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Ejigbo, a rural settlement in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria, between September and December 2019.
Methodology: 271 apparently healthy individuals were recruited using a multistage sampling technique with the WHO STEPS Instrument questionnaire, level of significance set at P= 0.05.
Results: The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 96 (35.4%) and 66 (24.4%) respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among respondents was 83 (30.6%). High plasma levels of Total Cholesterol 64 (23.6%), triglyceride 20 (7.4%), LDL-Cholesterol 28 (10.3%) and very high LDL-Cholesterol 31 (11.5%) were found among the respondents. While 72 (26.6%) of the respondents have a low level of HDL-Cholesterol. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among the respondents was 34 (12.6%) when 45 (16.6%) had diabetic plasma glucose levels and 82 (30.3%) for metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk factors were very high among rural dwellers, especially people without metabolic syndrome. Therefore, public awareness, about those risk factors, should be intensified. Routine medical check-ups and screening should be encouraged.
Keywords: Cardiometabiolic, metabolic syndrome, pre-hypertension, impaired glucose