Chronic Urogenital Schistosomiasis among In-School Adolescents in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria
Fatima Bello Jiya *
Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Nma Muhammed Jiya
Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Paul Kehinde Ibitoye
Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Yahaya Mohammed
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Ango Umar Mohammad
Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To assess the prevalence, intensity, associated factors and predictors of chronic urogenital schistosomiasis among in-school adolescents in Sokoto.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Secondary Schools in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria, between January and April 2018.
Methodology: A total of 590 apparently healthy secondary school students aged between 10 and 19 years in Sokoto metropolis were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant socio-demographic and clinical information. Urine specimen was obtained and subjected to urine analysis and microscopy for ova of Schistosoma haematobium. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0.
Results: Mean age of subjects was 15.1 ±2.6 years. There were 334 (56.6%) males and 256 (43.4%) females. Majority 371 (62.9%) attended public secondary schools, most 264 (44.7%) were of middle socio-economic family status, and 300 (50.8%) were from rural community setting. The commonest source of water for domestic use was pipe-borne 203 (34.4%), and swimming was the predominant 55(9.3%) recreational water- related activity. The overall prevalence of chronic urogenital schistosomiasis was 22.9%, significantly (p<0.001) higher among males, with age group category 15-17 years mostly 59 (29.6%) affected. All 135 (100%) of the infected subjects had microscopic haematuria, 119 (88.2%) had proteinuria, and 108(80.0%) had leucocyturia. Age group category 15-17 years (p=0.027), male gender (p<0.001), low and middle social classes (p<0.001) respectively, and residence in rural community setting were independent predictors of chronic urogenital schistosomiasis infection. Majority 81(60.0%) of the infected respondents had light infection. Male gender was the only predictor (p=0.003) of intensity of infection.
Conclusions: Chronic urogenital schistosomiasis is prevalent among the subjects. Middle adolescence, male gender, swimming, rural community setting and low-middle socio-economic classes were independent predictors of infection.
Keywords: Urogenital schistosomiasis, adolescents, S. haematobium, Sokoto, Nigeria