Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalised Medical Patients: Aetiology and Prognosis
José Antonio Díaz-Peromingo *
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
María del Carmen Beceiro-Abad
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
María Aurora Freire-Romero
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Lucía Martínez-Braña
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Lara María Mateo-Mosquera
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Alba Catalina Valcárcel-Rodríguez
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
María Jesús Domínguez-Santalla
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Arturo González-Quintela
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) increases the length of hospitalisation and mortality. The study aims to assess the incidence, risk factors and outcome of AKI in hospitalised medical patients.
Methods: AKI was measured in adult patients by using the serum creatinine criteria. Baseline data included age, sex, diagnosis during admission, pathological records, analytical data, use of nephrotoxic drugs, length of hospital stay, mortality at the hospital and during the follow-up, and the cause of death.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included with a mean age of 75.6 years. Majority of male patients (n= 23; 56%) were showed AKI development. The most frequent associated diseases were hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and heart failure. Hospital stay was greater than 10 days in 52 patients. The patients who developed AKI were older, and had an increased prevalence of heart failure, hypertension, diarrhoea, anaemia, increased BUN, impaired GFR, and were most frequent under ARBs or diuretics. Mortality was higher in the AKI group during hospitalisation.
Conclusions: AKI is frequent in hospitalised medical patients. A previous history of hypertension, heart failure, presence of diarrhoea, anaemia, increased BUN, low eGFR, and the use of ARBs or diuretics are the risk factors for AKI. Patients who developed AKI had an increased likelihood of death during hospitalisation.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, incidence, mortality, risk factors, length of hospital stay