The Current Management of Achalasia Cardia: A Narrative Review Article
Kumar H.R. *
Department of Surgery, Taylor’s University school of medicine and health science,47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Achalasia cardia is a rare condition that leads to dysphagia due to the absence of myenteric cells in the lower esophagus. This condition is diagnosed with barium studies, esophageal manometry, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The management of achalasia cardia can be divided into endoscopy therapy, like pneumatic dilatation, and surgical therapy in the form of laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy or Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). In this review, we will investigate the role pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy, and Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) play in the management of achalasia cardia.
Keywords: Achalasia, cardiospasm spasm, Endoscopy, Heller’s myotomy, Pneumatic dilatation, POEM