Evaluating Antibiotic Use, Misuse, and Resistance Awareness among University Students in Northern Cyprus: A Cross-sectional Study
Saliem Q. S. Alzein
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Lafi Hamidat
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Turkey.
Aya Akram Ali
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Amin Emad Alhasan
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Yamen Ramadan
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Fatemehossadat Ekrami
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Jackiline Kemirembe Rubingo
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Numaira Naeem Gazge
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Cynthia Uche Edwin
Department of Nursing, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Moath Elsanhoury
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Sarmad Mohammed Faeq
Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Ahmed Alkarkhi
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City,Giza, Egypt.
Mohannad Kutkut
Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Ibrahim Ibrahim Shuaibu
*
Near East University Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to global health, largely driven by the misuse of antibiotics. Understanding how young adults, particularly university students, use and perceive antibiotics is essential, as their habits can shape lifelong health behaviours. This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding antibiotic use and resistance among 161 university students from various academic backgrounds in Northern Cyprus.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire, based on the World Health Organization’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices framework, collected information on students’ demographics, antibiotic use patterns, reasons for unsupervised use, and awareness of antibiotic resistance. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and Multiple Linear Regression.
Results: Results showed that 68 percent of students had used antibiotics in the past year, yet only 44 percent knew how long a course should last. The Chi-Square analysis revealed important associations: gender significantly influenced understanding of when to stop antibiotics, age was linked to beliefs about which illnesses antibiotics can treat, and nationality affected patterns of use. Academic department and year of study were also connected to whether students received formal education on resistance and their views on reusing antibiotics. The regression analysis highlighted that formal education strongly predicted both awareness of resistance and responsible use of antibiotics.
Conclusion: These findings point to the need for better, targeted educational efforts to close knowledge gaps and correct misconceptions. Educational programs that consider students’ age, gender, nationality, and field of study could play a key role in promoting responsible antibiotic use and addressing the serious challenge of antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, antibiotic misuse, university students, northern cyprus, cross-sectional study, public health, KAP, multiple linear regression