An Update on Drainage of the Gallbladder in High-risk Patients with Acute Cholecystitis: A Review
Kumar H.R. *
Taylor's University School of Medicine and Health Science, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Drainage of the gallbladder has been incorporated into the management of acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. The Tokyo Guidelines have included drainage of the gallbladder for the management of patients in grade 3 to stabilize them and perform an interval cholecystectomy later. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is the most common drainage procedure. Still, endoscopic drainage procedures have slowly emerged for drainage of the gallbladder for patients who will never undergo a cholecystectomy. Endoscopic drainage includes endoscopic trans papillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage (EUSGBD). In this review article, we will look at the various gallbladder drainage procedures, their indications, and complications in the management of acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients.
Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, endoscopic drainage, gallbladder drainage, high-risk patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy, Ultrasound drainage