Effect of Self Management Education on the Health of Diabetic Patients
OKEY-OMUNAKWE CHINYERE *
University of Port Harcourt, School of Public Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a cornerstone of diabetes care, but its effectiveness in improving health outcomes remains inconsistently synthesized.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of DSME on glycemic control, self-care behaviours, quality of life, and complications in diabetic patients.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (January-February 2025).
Results: Of 2,145 screened studies, 16 met the inclusion criteria (9 RCTs, 7 cohort studies). DSME significantly reduced HbA1c (−0.8% to −1.2%), improved self-care adherence (diet, exercise, medication), and enhanced quality of life. Subgroup analyses favoured structured, technology-enhanced programs. Heterogeneity in intervention design and duration limited comparability.
Conclusion: DSME improves glycemic control and psychosocial outcomes in diabetes. Standardization of programs and long-term follow-up are needed.
Keywords: Diabetes, self-management, patient education, health outcomes, chronic disease management