Therapeutic Potential of Ginger-supplemented Diet in Reversing Lead-induced Nephrotoxicity
Muhsinat Bisola Lawal
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Luqman Adepoju Hassan
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Foluso Olamide Ojo *
Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Emmanuela Kehinde Adetoro
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Rasheed Tunde Lawal
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Olamide Samuel Olayemi
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Oluwabukola Margaret Oladele
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
Oluseyi Yemi Aderibigbe
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The flowering plant ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale offers numerous health benefits, including immune support. Its bioactive compounds such as shogaols and gingerols, contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: To access ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a protective agent against Nephrotoxicity induced by Lead by accessing the levels of inflammatory markers (Interleukin -6, Tumor Necrosis Factor), kidney function (Creatinine), and general kidney morphology.
Methods: Twenty-four (24) female Wistar rats weighing 150-170g were carefully divided into four groups (6 per group) and housed in plastic cages. The groups were Groups A (Control), B (the Lead), C [Lead and ginger (1%)], and D [Lead and ginger (5%)]. The rats were treated for 28 days, the control and the Lead groups were fed with normal rat diets and distilled water, while the Lead and ginger group was fed with ginger supplemented diet.
On day 29, the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation following animal ethical guidelines. Blood samples were collected from the apex of the heart (intracardiac puncture), stored in a heparinized bottle, and centrifuged to undergo further analysis (creatinine, interleukin 6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor). The kidney was removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The organ was then processed for histological analysis.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of creatinine, Tumour Necrotic Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in group B compared to group A. While a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in groups C and D compared to group B. Histomorphological distortion was observed in group B compared to group A, while the lesion was reversed in groups C and D.
Conclusion: This study found that ginger has substantial health benefits for kidney tissues, particularly in nephrotoxicity caused by lead. Its ability to preserve kidney tissue, decrease inflammation, and improve kidney function highlights its significance as a treatment option for preventing or lessening kidney harm associated with toxic substances or underlying health issues. Further investigations are necessary to explore the possible adverse effects or contraindications that could be associated with ginger supplements or ginger-supplemented diets in humans.
Keywords: Lead, nephrotoxicity, kidney, ginger, anti-inflammatory, hazardous element